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Leaching characteristics of heavy metals during cement stabilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators

LIANG Shunwen, JIANG Jianguo, ZHANG Yan, XU Xin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 358-363 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0060-6

摘要： The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in products of cement stabilization of fly ash from a municipal solid waste incinerator were investigated in this paper. The stabilization of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in fly ash from such incinerators was examined through the national standard method in China based on the following factors: additive quantity of cement and NaS, curing time, and pH of leaching liquor. The results showed that as more additives were used, less heavy metals were leached except for Pb, which is sensitive to pH of the leachate, and the worse effect was observed for Cd. The mass ratio of cement to fly ash = 10% is the most appropriate parameter according to the national standard method. When the hydration of cement was basically finished, stabilization of heavy metals did not vary after curing for 1 d. The mixtures of cement and fly ash had excellent adaptability to environmental pH. The pH of leachate was maintained at 7 when pH of leaching liquor varied from 3 to 11.

关键词： heavy     national standard     environmental     leachate     liquor    

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Research on the ecological compensation standard of the basin pollution control project based on evolutionary

Dongbin HU, Huiwu LIU, Xiaohong CHEN, Yang CHEN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 575-583 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0044-1

摘要： Ecological compensation is a new resource and environment management model. As one of the main areas for implementing ecological compensation policies, basin ecological compensation has become an important measure for encouraging basin pollution control projects and improving the quality of regional economic development. By applying the basic game analysis of evolutionary game theory and building an evolutionary game model with a “reward–punishment” mechanism, this paper compares the interest-related decision-making behaviors of the upstream and downstream stakeholders of basin ecological compensation. By using data on the water quality of Xiangjiang River Basin, this paper calculates the rewards and penalties in different intervals by building a parametric regression mathematical model and employing the local linear regression method. Results show that a decline in water quality should be fined RMB 925500 yuan, an improvement in water quality should be awarded RMB 1227800 yuan, and a deteriorating water quality should be severely fined RMB 5087600 yuan.

关键词： evolutionary game     ecological compensation standard     Xiangjiang River Basin    

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Standard model of knowledge representation

Wensheng YIN

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第3期   页码 275-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0372-3

摘要：

Knowledge representation is the core of artificial intelligence research. Knowledge representation methods include predicate logic, semantic network, computer programming language, database, mathematical model, graphics language, natural language, etc. To establish the intrinsic link between various knowledge representation methods, a unified knowledge representation model is necessary. According to ontology, system theory, and control theory, a standard model of knowledge representation that reflects the change of the objective world is proposed. The model is composed of input, processing, and output. This knowledge representation method is not a contradiction to the traditional knowledge representation method. It can express knowledge in terms of multivariate and multidimensional. It can also express process knowledge, and at the same time, it has a strong ability to solve problems. In addition, the standard model of knowledge representation provides a way to solve problems of non-precision and inconsistent knowledge.

关键词： knowledge representation     standard model     ontology     system theory     control theory     multidimensional representation    

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Overview of the quality standard research of traditional Chinese medicine

Huimin Gao, Zhimin Wang, Yujuan Li, Zhongzhi Qian

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 195-202 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0134-x

摘要： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time in China. Due to its proven efficacy, wide applications, and low side effect, TCM has increasingly attracted worldwide attention. However, one of the biggest challenges facing the clinical practice of TCM is the uncontrollable quality. In this review, the progress of the development and the current status of quality standard as well as new quality control techniques introduced in (2010 edition), such as liquid chromatography hyphenated mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fingerprint, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS), thin layer chromatography bio-autographic assay (TLC-BAA), and DNA molecular marker technique, are briefly overviewed.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine     quality standard     quality control     quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker    

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A Standard for the Commissioning Process

William L. Gillis,Elizabeth A. Cudney

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 39-51 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015006

摘要： The demand for commissioning services for new-building construction projects is experiencing rapid growth. Commissioning (Cx) is touted as being a quality-focused process for ensuring the owner’s project requirements (OPR) are met by design, final construction, and the operations of a building. To an owner this is just what is needed to receive a perfect building at occupancy. However, as many owners have realized, the Cx process does not guarantee the completed building will be what was expected. It should be pointed out that this is typically not caused by the Cx process, but the Cx process should or could have identified, in the early phases of the project, many of the issues that made it through to the completed building. There are a number of reasons why the Cx services received may not be optimal. Often it is poor communication and the transfer of knowledge between project teams. Cx should and can facilitate both communication and the transfer of knowledge from phase to phase. An adaptation of the quality function deployment (QFD) four-phase model can accomplish this by filling the gaps among the major Cx activities and provide a standard approach to the process. The four-phase model effectively links each of the Cx activities to each other and back to the OPR, providing a method for improved communication and knowledge transfer. This paper investigates some potential reasons for inconsistent Cx services, presents an argument for the need of a Cx standard, and proposes a potential standard.

关键词： construction     engineering management     quality     commissioning    

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Quantitative standard of eco-compensation for the water source area in the middle route of the South-to-North

Zhanfeng DONG, Jinnan WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 459-473 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0288-9

摘要： The Middle Route Project(MRP) of the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme (SNWT) in China will require a very large financial expenditure to ensure the water supply and the associated water quality to northern China. An eco-compensation mechanism between the water service source areas and its beneficiaries is essential. This paper establishes an analytic framework of eco-compensation standard for the protection of the water source area, including both the calculation of eco-compensation based on opportunity cost method (OCM) and calculation of the burden sharing of eco-compensation between the water source area and the external water reception area based on the deviation square method (DSM). Taking Shiyan City, Hubei Province in China as a case study, our results show that the eco-compensation in the first-phase of MRP for the water source area in Shiyan, Hubei Province should be 1.63×10 CNY, about four times of planned eco-construction investment budget(4.33×10 CNY). In addition, the burden sharing of eco-compensation varied greatly in terms of different methods. It would be better to integrate the results of different single-factor burden sharing methods by determining the corresponding weighting coefficient with DSM and form one unanimous consent result by the interested parties.

关键词： the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme     eco-compensation standard     opportunity costs     deviation square method    

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Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 579-589 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0557-z

摘要： This paper establishes an irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio ( ) and Miller cycle ratio ( ) on the power output ( ), thermal efficiency ( ) and ecological function ( ), obtain the optimal and optimal , and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the , and of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of , and are derived. The relationships among , , and compression ratio ( ) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of and on , , , maximum power output ( ), maximum efficiency ( ) and maximum ecological function ( ) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of , and as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twice-maximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological function, respectively. Moreover, when choosing as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 2.7% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 1.3% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective.

关键词： finite-time thermodynamics     Dual-Miller cycle     power output     thermal efficiency     ecological function    

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Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 85-92 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0917-7

摘要： In 2017, China achieved the target of zero indigenous malaria case for the first time, and has been certified as malaria free by World Health Organization in 2021. To further summarize the historical achievements and technical experiences of the elimination program, a project on the Roadmap Analysis and Verification for Malaria Elimination in China was carried out. Results of the project were compiled and published as the Atlas of Malaria Transmission in China (The Atlas). The Atlas using modern digital information technologies, has been supported by various data from 24 malaria endemic provinces of China since 1950, to assess the changes in malaria epidemic patterns from 1950 to 2019 at national and provincial levels. The Atlas is designed as two volumes, including a total of 1850 thematic maps and more than 130 charts, consisting of introductory maps, thematic maps of malaria epidemic and control at national and provincial levels. It objectively and directly shows the epidemic history, evolution process, and great achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in China. The Atlas has important reference value for summing up historical experience in the national malaria elimination program of China, and malaria control and elimination in other endemic countries in the world.

关键词： malaria     transmission     control     elimination     China     atlas    

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High-precision standard enthalpy of formation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons predicting from general

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1743-1750 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2184-9

摘要： The standard enthalpy of formation is an important predictor of the reaction heat of a chemical reaction. In this work, a high-precision method was developed to calculate accurate standard enthalpies of formation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the general connectivity based hierarchy (CBH) with the discrete correction of atomization energy. Through a comparison with available experimental findings and other high-precision computational results, it was found that the present method can give a good description of enthalpy of formation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Since CBH schemes can broaden the scope of application, this method can be used to investigate the energetic properties of larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to achieve a high-precision calculation at the CCSD(T)/CBS level. In addition, the energetic properties of CBH fragments can be accurately calculated and integrated into a database for future use, which will increase computational efficiency. We hope this work can give new insights into the energetic properties of larger systems.

关键词： standard enthalpy of formation     polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons     connectivity based hierarchy     high-precision calculation    

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Punching of reinforced concrete slab without shear reinforcement: Standard models and new proposal

Luisa PANI, Flavio STOCHINO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第5期   页码 1196-1214 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0662-z

摘要： Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs are characterized by reduced construction time, versatility, and easier space partitioning. Their structural behavior is not straightforward and, specifically, punching shear strength is a current research topic. In this study an experimental database of 113 RC slabs without shear reinforcement under punching loads was compiled using data available in the literature. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters involved in the punching shear strength assessment was conducted, which highlighted the importance of the flexural reinforcement that are not typically considered for punching shear strength. After a discussion of the current international standards, a new proposed model for punching shear strength and rotation of RC slabs without shear reinforcement was discussed. It was based on a simplified load-rotation curve and new failure criteria that takes into account the flexural reinforcement effects. This experimental database was used to validate the approaches of the current international standards as well as the new proposed model. The latter proved to be a potentially useful design tool.

关键词： punching shear strength     reinforced concrete     slabs     reinforcement ratio    

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大庆油田A区块油气水层解释标准研究

徐通

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第4期   页码 83-87

摘要：

利用A区块部分探井、评价井及开发井的试油、取心及测井资料，分析统计储层岩性、物性、含油性及电性这“四性”之间的关系，建立油气水层的电性解释标准。主要是利用旋转式井壁取心及钻井取心资料，分析统计储层的岩性、物性特征；利用取心井及试油井资料分析统计储层的油水层发育状况。利用图表法，得出岩性、物性及含油性之间的相关性。并把油气水层对应于不同的测井曲线值上，优选出符合率最高的曲线组合作为最终的解释标准，指导区块射孔方案的编制。

关键词： “四性”     取心     试油     测井     解释标准    

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美国国家公园与门户城镇的建设经验与启示

刘辉亮

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第5期   页码 100-108 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.014

摘要：

2016年是美国国家公园管理局成立100周年。在过去的100年里，美国国家公园系统已成为重要的国家资源，在刺激经济发展和提高公众生活质量方面起着重要的作用，对门户城镇经济发展尤为如此。本文简要回顾了美国国家公园系统，包括它的历史、使命、规划重点和方法，并着重探讨了门户城镇和国家公园之间相互依托、相互合作、共同发展的关系，以及随着近年来国家公园游客、门户城镇访客和居民数量的日益增长，它们所面临的问题和挑战。笔者以落基山国家公园和它的主要门户城镇——埃斯蒂斯公园小镇 (the Town of Estes Park) 作为案例，探讨其成功的经验与存在的具体问题，并就有关中国国家公园系统的设立、国家公园和其门户城镇的关系及规划重点等提出建议，仅供“秦巴山区绿色循环发展”研究项目参考。

关键词： 美国国家公园管理局     门户城镇     落基山国家公园     埃斯蒂斯公园小镇    

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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS

Susan J. NICHOLS, Fiona J. DYER

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 669-687 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0556-6

摘要： River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and economies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consumption. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering requirements of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System (AUSRIVAS) as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security     biological assessment     river health    

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Current research, key performances and future development of search and rescue robots

LIU Jinguo, WANG Yuechao, LI Bin, MA Shugen

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第4期   页码 404-416 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0070-2

摘要： Frequent natural disasters and man-made catastrophes have threatened the safety of citizens and have attracted much more attention. The rescue mission under disaster environment is very complicated and dangerous for a rescue team. Search and rescue (SAR) robots can not only improve the efficiency of rescue operations but also reduce the casualty of rescuers. Robots can help rescue teams and even replace rescuers to perform dangerous missions. Search and rescue robots will play a more and more important role in the rescue operations. A survey of the research status of search and rescue robots in Japan, USA, China and other countries has been provided. According to current research, experiences and the lessons learned from applications, the five key performances of a search and rescue robot are survivability, mobility, sensing, communicability and operability. Multi-technique fusion and multi-agent intelligent network are considered to be requirements for the future development of the search and rescue robot. Disaster prevention, disaster reduction and disaster rescue are the important parts of national public safety. They are also crucial for the safety of citizens and their estates. Search and rescue robotic technique is an urgent needed, strategic and core technique for national development. It will be important and strategic for national economy and safety.

关键词： national development     communicability     mobility     national     intelligent network    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Leaching characteristics of heavy metals during cement stabilization of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators

LIANG Shunwen, JIANG Jianguo, ZHANG Yan, XU Xin

期刊论文

Research on the ecological compensation standard of the basin pollution control project based on evolutionary

Dongbin HU, Huiwu LIU, Xiaohong CHEN, Yang CHEN

期刊论文

Standard model of knowledge representation

Wensheng YIN

期刊论文

Overview of the quality standard research of traditional Chinese medicine

Huimin Gao, Zhimin Wang, Yujuan Li, Zhongzhi Qian

期刊论文

A Standard for the Commissioning Process

William L. Gillis,Elizabeth A. Cudney

期刊论文

Green Construction of National Speed Skating Oval

期刊论文

Quantitative standard of eco-compensation for the water source area in the middle route of the South-to-North

Zhanfeng DONG, Jinnan WANG

期刊论文

Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

期刊论文

Achievements of the national malaria control and elimination program in the People’s Republic of China

期刊论文

High-precision standard enthalpy of formation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons predicting from general

期刊论文

Punching of reinforced concrete slab without shear reinforcement: Standard models and new proposal

Luisa PANI, Flavio STOCHINO

期刊论文

大庆油田A区块油气水层解释标准研究

徐通

期刊论文

美国国家公园与门户城镇的建设经验与启示

刘辉亮

期刊论文

Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security: an AUSRIVAS

Susan J. NICHOLS, Fiona J. DYER

期刊论文

Current research, key performances and future development of search and rescue robots

LIU Jinguo, WANG Yuechao, LI Bin, MA Shugen

期刊论文